Draw a Binary Tree Program
Binary Tree
In this tutorial, you will learn about binary tree and its different types. Also, you will find working examples of binary tree in C, C++, Java and Python.
A binary tree is a tree data structure in which each parent node can have at most two children. Each node of a binary tree consists of three items:
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data item
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address of left child
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address of right child
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Types of Binary Tree
1. Full Binary Tree
A full Binary tree is a special type of binary tree in which every parent node/internal node has either two or no children.
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To learn more, please visit full binary tree.
2. Perfect Binary Tree
A perfect binary tree is a type of binary tree in which every internal node has exactly two child nodes and all the leaf nodes are at the same level.
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To learn more, please visit perfect binary tree.
3. Complete Binary Tree
A complete binary tree is just like a full binary tree, but with two major differences
- Every level must be completely filled
- All the leaf elements must lean towards the left.
- The last leaf element might not have a right sibling i.e. a complete binary tree doesn't have to be a full binary tree.
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4. Degenerate or Pathological Tree
A degenerate or pathological tree is the tree having a single child either left or right.
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5. Skewed Binary Tree
A skewed binary tree is a pathological/degenerate tree in which the tree is either dominated by the left nodes or the right nodes. Thus, there are two types of skewed binary tree: left-skewed binary tree and right-skewed binary tree.
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6. Balanced Binary Tree
It is a type of binary tree in which the difference between the height of the left and the right subtree for each node is either 0 or 1.
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To learn more, please visit balanced binary tree.
Binary Tree Representation
A node of a binary tree is represented by a structure containing a data part and two pointers to other structures of the same type.
struct node { int data; struct node *left; struct node *right; };
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Python, Java and C/C++ Examples
# Binary Tree in Python class Node: def __init__(self, key): self.left = None self.right = None self.val = key # Traverse preorder def traversePreOrder(self): print(self.val, end=' ') if self.left: self.left.traversePreOrder() if self.right: self.right.traversePreOrder() # Traverse inorder def traverseInOrder(self): if self.left: self.left.traverseInOrder() print(self.val, end=' ') if self.right: self.right.traverseInOrder() # Traverse postorder def traversePostOrder(self): if self.left: self.left.traversePostOrder() if self.right: self.right.traversePostOrder() print(self.val, end=' ') root = Node(1) root.left = Node(2) root.right = Node(3) root.left.left = Node(4) print("Pre order Traversal: ", end="") root.traversePreOrder() print("\nIn order Traversal: ", end="") root.traverseInOrder() print("\nPost order Traversal: ", end="") root.traversePostOrder()
// Binary Tree in Java // Node creation class Node { int key; Node left, right; public Node(int item) { key = item; left = right = null; } } class BinaryTree { Node root; BinaryTree(int key) { root = new Node(key); } BinaryTree() { root = null; } // Traverse Inorder public void traverseInOrder(Node node) { if (node != null) { traverseInOrder(node.left); System.out.print(" " + node.key); traverseInOrder(node.right); } } // Traverse Postorder public void traversePostOrder(Node node) { if (node != null) { traversePostOrder(node.left); traversePostOrder(node.right); System.out.print(" " + node.key); } } // Traverse Preorder public void traversePreOrder(Node node) { if (node != null) { System.out.print(" " + node.key); traversePreOrder(node.left); traversePreOrder(node.right); } } public static void main(String[] args) { BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(); tree.root = new Node(1); tree.root.left = new Node(2); tree.root.right = new Node(3); tree.root.left.left = new Node(4); System.out.print("Pre order Traversal: "); tree.traversePreOrder(tree.root); System.out.print("\nIn order Traversal: "); tree.traverseInOrder(tree.root); System.out.print("\nPost order Traversal: "); tree.traversePostOrder(tree.root); } }
// Tree traversal in C #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct node { int item; struct node* left; struct node* right; }; // Inorder traversal void inorderTraversal(struct node* root) { if (root == NULL) return; inorderTraversal(root->left); printf("%d ->", root->item); inorderTraversal(root->right); } // Preorder traversal void preorderTraversal(struct node* root) { if (root == NULL) return; printf("%d ->", root->item); preorderTraversal(root->left); preorderTraversal(root->right); } // Postorder traversal void postorderTraversal(struct node* root) { if (root == NULL) return; postorderTraversal(root->left); postorderTraversal(root->right); printf("%d ->", root->item); } // Create a new Node struct node* createNode(value) { struct node* newNode = malloc(sizeof(struct node)); newNode->item = value; newNode->left = NULL; newNode->right = NULL; return newNode; } // Insert on the left of the node struct node* insertLeft(struct node* root, int value) { root->left = createNode(value); return root->left; } // Insert on the right of the node struct node* insertRight(struct node* root, int value) { root->right = createNode(value); return root->right; } int main() { struct node* root = createNode(1); insertLeft(root, 2); insertRight(root, 3); insertLeft(root->left, 4); printf("Inorder traversal \n"); inorderTraversal(root); printf("\nPreorder traversal \n"); preorderTraversal(root); printf("\nPostorder traversal \n"); postorderTraversal(root); }
// Binary Tree in C++ #include <stdlib.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; struct node { int data; struct node *left; struct node *right; }; // New node creation struct node *newNode(int data) { struct node *node = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); node->data = data; node->left = NULL; node->right = NULL; return (node); } // Traverse Preorder void traversePreOrder(struct node *temp) { if (temp != NULL) { cout << " " << temp->data; traversePreOrder(temp->left); traversePreOrder(temp->right); } } // Traverse Inorder void traverseInOrder(struct node *temp) { if (temp != NULL) { traverseInOrder(temp->left); cout << " " << temp->data; traverseInOrder(temp->right); } } // Traverse Postorder void traversePostOrder(struct node *temp) { if (temp != NULL) { traversePostOrder(temp->left); traversePostOrder(temp->right); cout << " " << temp->data; } } int main() { struct node *root = newNode(1); root->left = newNode(2); root->right = newNode(3); root->left->left = newNode(4); cout << "preorder traversal: "; traversePreOrder(root); cout << "\nInorder traversal: "; traverseInOrder(root); cout << "\nPostorder traversal: "; traversePostOrder(root); }
Binary Tree Applications
- For easy and quick access to data
- In router algorithms
- To implement heap data structure
- Syntax tree
Source: https://www.programiz.com/dsa/binary-tree
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